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Article

The Inland Cladocera and Copepoda Fauna in Greece

Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diversity 2022, 14(11), 997; https://doi.org/10.3390/d14110997
Submission received: 29 October 2022 / Revised: 15 November 2022 / Accepted: 16 November 2022 / Published: 18 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Freshwater Biodiversity)

Abstract

:
Greece is situated in the East Mediterranean region and in the Balkan peninsula, i.e., a European biodiversity hotspot with high endemism in subterranean and freshwater fauna, highlighting the need to understand its biodiversity. A literature search was undertaken to present a checklist of cladocerans and copepods based on a compilation of published and current data, from 1892 up to 2022 from inland surfaces and subterranean water bodies from different regions of Greece. For Cladocera, 80 species were recorded (9 families with 35 genera). The most diverse families were Chydoridae (20 genera with 33 species) and Daphniidae (5 genera with 27 species). For copepoda, 134 taxa were recorded, in surface water bodies (12 families with 34 genera), subterranean water bodies (7 families with 27 genera), and parasitic copepods (3 families with 3 genera). The most diverse families in surface waters were Cyclopidae (15 genera with 41 taxa) and Diaptomidae (5 genera with 17 species), while those in subterranean waters were Cyclopidae (11 genera with 35 taxa) and Canthocamptidae (6 genera with 17 taxa). More species are expected to be discovered after sampling understudied regions, especially islands, as well as water bodies such as temporary pools, swamps, ditches, puddles, and the littoral parts of lakes, while molecular studies are needed to clarify various cases of complex taxonomy.

Graphical Abstract

1. Introduction

Studies on the zooplankton community in Greece date back to the end of the 19th century [1,2] and a checklist of the rotifer community has recently been published in order to provide a baseline for future studies [3]. The first published studies concerning the zooplankton community (by Richard in 1892 and 1897) regarded copepods and cladocerans, and even included the first description of a new species, i.e., Arctodiaptomus steindachneri [2]. Several other publications sporadically followed, providing information for several lakes [4] and island areas (Kiefer 1928; 1938; Brian 1929; Chappuis 1929 from Zarfdjian and Economidis [5] and references therein [6]). In the mid-1900s, when zooplankton fauna of Greece was still poorly known, Stephanides [6,7,8,9] extensively studied the crustacean fauna of the island Corfu, while Pesce later focused on subterranean copepod fauna from both the islands and the Greek mainland in many publications from 1979 to 1986 [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. More recently, Marrone et al. reported 46 taxa from the island of Crete [18] and 20 taxa from the Fthiotis area [19]. These studies demonstrate that biodiversity patterns can actually reflect the areas where taxonomists live and work, or go on holiday or conduct fieldwork [20,21,22,23]. For rotifers, i.e., another group of the zooplankton community, Fontaneto et al. [22] coined the term ‘rotiferologist effect’. In analogue, we could use the terms ‘copepodologist effect’ or/and the ‘effect of the cladoceran specialist’, which were identified in previous years in Greece. All these could improve the faunistic knowledge of a specific area and misleadingly identify low biodiversity in another underexplored area.
Furthermore, regional species diversity should be considered in a historical context, reflecting the taxonomic resolution that can vary with time [24]. Following the ‘specialist effect’, European experts identified European-like species from all over the world, ‘creating’ cosmopolitan species that were later identified to be species complexes [24]. Thus, reliable data on the distribution of all existing species are needed to understand diversity, biogeography, and ecosystem processes, as well as provide the base for future studies. The global revision of taxonomy should be conducted in close coordination with phylogenetic studies, including the modern approach of integrative taxonomy, combining morphology, ecology, and molecular analysis, which currently aim to achieve a complete biodiversity record of all species [25].
Cladocera are important components of freshwater ecosystems; they hold a keystone position in ecosystem functioning and are critical for management and restoration plans. They are mainly members of the zooplankton community of surface freshwaters with currently recognized 620–650 species, although the actual diversity is estimated to be 2–4 times higher [26]. There are many cases of extensive phenotypic plasticity and hybridization that hamper the taxonomic identity of several species that form species complexes.
Copepods can be found in almost all freshwater habitats from moist soils, leafpacks, groundwater, wetlands, and phytotelmata. They comprise a major part of the zooplankton biomass, playing a pivotal role in aquatic food webs, both as primary and secondary consumers, while they also serve as a major part of food for higher trophic levels. Approximately 2814 free-living species reside in freshwaters, but this number is expected to grow as other species complexes are discovered [24]. Furthermore, about 330 species of copepods in freshwaters are parasitic on fish and molluscs, while they also live as commensal epibionts on freshwater invertebrates [24].
An area of great interest regarding its biodiversity is the region of the Mediterranean basin which is regarded as a biodiversity hotspot, although its freshwater fauna is not well studied [27]. Greece, besides belonging to the Mediterranean regions, is also part of the Balkan Peninsula, a European biodiversity hotspot with high endemism in subterranean and freshwater fauna, hosting ancient lakes, thus highlighting the importance of understanding its biodiversity even more. Recently, updated zooplankton checklists (e.g., [3,28,29,30]) were published across the Balkan Peninsula in order for zooplankton fauna to be used for diversity conservation and ecological studies in light of the global threats faced by aquatic ecosystems. Herein, we present an up-to-date checklist for both cladocerans and copepods based on a compilation of published and current data from 1892 up to 2022.

2. Materials and Methods

Here, we provide data from surface inland water bodies [24 natural lakes, 14 reservoirs, 2 artificial urban ponds, a man-made water channel connecting lakes Mikri Prespa and Megali Prespa, a river (Aliakmon), a wetland (Kalodiki), and various small water bodies from different regions of Greece (Figure 1a)] and subterranean water bodies (e.g., wells, caves) of Greece (Figure 1b). Morphometric characteristics, trophic states, and salinity values for each water body, when available, are presented in Table S1.
The checklist of crustaceans recorded in inland surface or subterranean water bodies from Greece compiled herein was based on already-published data and data in the present study. A bibliographic review of crustaceans’ diversity was conducted using the databases Google Scholar and Web of Science, as well as the search words “crustacea”, “copepoda”, “cladocera”, “Greece”, and “diversity” during the entire period available in each database (retrieved during May 2022) and the National Archive of PhD Theses of Greece. The grey literature, including bachelor and master theses and technical reports, are also presented. Moreover, historic data from 1892 up to 1987 included in a previous checklist [5], which were not available in the above databases, are cited as Zarfdjian and Economidis [5] in Table S1. Studies with only genus-level identifications were not included in our dataset. The list of consulted works per water body/region is available in Table S1.
Data were sorted into an Excel file according to the inland surface water body (Table S2 for cladocerans and Table S3 for copepods) and the region for subterranean water bodies (Table S4). Currently valid species names, authorships, synonyms, and spellings were verified and updated using the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) [31]. When necessary, we checked the species identifications based on available pictures and updated the species identification of genus Diaphanosoma based on the literature [32].
For each species, the relative frequency of occurrence (i.e., the number of times a certain species occurred in all examined water bodies) was calculated. The species were then categorized as rare when the frequency of occurrence ranged up to 20%, moderate when the frequency of occurrence ranged between 20% and 50%, and frequent when the frequency of occurrence was greater than 50%. Moreover, a literature review was conducted for cladoceran and copepod’s functional traits (Tables S2–S4). The feeding type of Cladocera was subdivided into five classes (B-type for bosminids, C-type for chydorids and macrothricids, D-type for daphnids, S-type for sidids, and I-type for ilyocrypids) based on how they obtain their food [33,34]. The trophic group of Cladocera was divided to filter-feeders (feeding on algae, bacteria, or detritus) and carnivores for the raptorial Leptodora. The trophic group of Copepoda was divided into traditional herbivore, omnivore, and carnivore categories, with the addition of an omnivore–herbivore category to distinguish omnivore copepods that are more herbivorous [33]. Furthermore, the habitat preference is mentioned, i.e., littoral or pelagic, based on where each species is most likely to be found [33,34,35].

3. Results

3.1. Cladocera

The total number of Cladocera species reported from Greece was 80 (Table 1). These species were classified into 1 class (Branchiopoda), 1 superorder (Diplostraca), 3 orders (Anomopoda, Ctenopoda, and Haplopoda), 9 families, and 35 genera (Table 2). The most diverse family was Chydoridae with 20 genera and 33 species, followed by Daphniidae with 5 genera and 27 species (Figure 2). In lakes and reservoirs, for which more extensive data exist, Bosmina longirostris and Daphnia cucullata had the highest frequencies of occurrence, with 89% and 68%, respectively. All cladocerans were recorded in surface waters, with only two, Coronatella rectangula and Daphnia pulex, being recorded in subterranean water body wells in Attica [36] and Corfu [7,8,9], respectively. Although cladocerans are mainly known from surface water bodies, members of the chydorids are known to be accidentally found in wells and caves as well [37,38].

3.2. Copepoda

The total number of copepod taxa (species or subspecies) reported from Greece was 135; this included taxa recorded from surface water bodies, subterranean water bodies, and parasitic copepods.

3.2.1. Copepods from Surface Water Bodies

The total number of copepod species reported from surface inland water bodies was 78 (Table 3). These were classified into 1 class (Copepoda), 2 superorders (Gymnoplea and Podoplea), 3 orders (Calanoida, Cyclopoida, and Harpacticoida), 12 families, and 34 genera (Table 4). The most diverse family was Cyclopidae with 15 genera and 41 taxa, followed by Diaptomidae with 5 genera and 17 species and Canthocamptidae with 5 genera and 9 taxa (Figure 3). In lakes and reservoirs, for which more extensive data exist, Cyclops vicinus and Macrocyclops albidus had the highest frequencies of occurrence, with 46% and 43%, respectively.

3.2.2. Copepods from Subterranean Water Bodies

The total number of copepod species reported from subterranean inland water bodies was 70 (Table 5). These were classified into 1 class (Copepoda), 2 superorders (Gymnoplea and Podoplea), 3 orders (Calanoida, Cyclopoida, and Harpacticoida), 7 families, and 27 genera (Table 6). The most diverse family was Cyclopidae with 11 genera and 35 taxa, followed by Canthocamptidae with 6 genera and 17 taxa (Figure 4).
Species mentioned without specifying the type (surface or subterranean) of the water body are presented in Table 7. Six more taxa, namely Occidodiaptomus gurneyi, Mixodiaptomus kupelwieseri, Halicyclops magniceps, Bryocamptus (Rheocamptus) zschokkei zschokkei, Elaphoidella eucharis, Elaphoidella varians were new records for the Greek fauna.

3.2.3. Parasitic Copepods

The total number of parasitic copepods species was four (Table 8). These were classified into one class (Copepoda), one superorder (Podoplea), two orders (Siphonostomatoida and Cyclopoida), three families, and three genera (Table 8).

4. Discussion

4.1. Cladocera

For Cladocera, from the literature review, cases of misidentification were noted, which were not included in the present checklist. For example, Bythotrephes longimanus (Leydig, 1860) was recorded in Lake Koronia by Christomanos [40], but based on the photographs provided in reference to this species, its presence cannot be confirmed (the picture shows a copepod and in no other picture is Bythotrephes depicted). Another case concerns the prior records of Diaphanosoma brachyurum (Liévin, 1848) from 12 lakes (e.g., [41,42,43]) and Diaphanosoma lacustris (Kořínek, 1981) in Lake Karla and Pamvotis [44]. Subsequent studies led to the actual finding of other species in Lake Pamvotis, i.e., D. mongolianum (Lake Karla was dried out in the 1960’s), which are now mentioned in Table 1, and cases of lakes Doirani, Kastoria, Kerkini, Mikri Prespa, Pamvotis, Paralimni, Vegoritis, and Volvi were confirmed by Alexiou et al. [32] through the use of morphological and molecular analyses. This is generally the case for D. brachyurum which has been considered cosmopolitan and is the most recorded Diaphanosoma species worldwide due to inadequate knowledge surrounding the morphology, and this name has been erroneously used to refer to other species [32,45] and it cannot be located in many of those regions anymore [32,46] as other Diaphanosoma species are now recorded [47].
A case with complex taxonomy is that of Daphnia hyalina. Phenotypically and ecologically speaking, it is a highly variable species, but it was proposed to be synonymous with Daphnia longispina based on molecular data [48,49]. These findings are currently considered only a hypothesis which should be checked in subsequent studies based on a recent critical review of the genus Daphnia [25]. We present it here as a species following the taxonomy presented in WoRMS [31]. Based on our data, Daphnia hyalina is a species commonly recorded in the first studies (e.g., [4,6,41,50]), while subsequent studies recorded D. cucullata and/or Daphnia galeata in the same lakes. Daphnia hyalina is found to hybridize with D. cucullata and D. galeata, forming hybrids and further increasing the morphological variability [51,52]. It is also gradually replaced by D. galeata during periods of eutrophication [48]. The future identification of Daphnia species in faunistic studies, combining morphological and molecular data, should be performed to verify the occurrence of these confusing taxonomical identities.

4.2. Copepoda

Copepod species, commonly recorded during the first few studies performed in Greece, were not recently found in the same water bodies; this could be explained by species misidentification due to a lack of proper and updated taxonomic keys, the subsequent identification of species complexes, or species replacement. From the literature review, cases of misidentification of copepod species were noted. For example, Macrocyclops fuscus was recorded in Lake Koronia by Christomanos [40] (as Cyclops fuscus), but based on the published photographs in reference to this species, its presence cannot be confirmed based on the morphology of the furcal rami. Based on the photographs given by Christomanos [40], this individual could be C. vicinus, which is known to have established populations in Lake Koronia (e.g., [42,53]). Another case is the calanoid Limnocalanus macrurus (Sars G.O., 1863) which is recorded in Lake Stratos [54], but is probably a misidentification since it is a marine–brackish species [31]. Invasions into freshwaters are recorded in lakes created at the margins of ice sheets after glaciers [48], while Stratos reservoir, situated in Acheloos River in western Greece, has low conductivity (<400 mS/m) [54]; thus, the presence of L. macrurus is questionable.
Cases with complex taxonomy were also recorded. Stephanides [6] recorded in Corfu “Diaptomus serbicus = Diaptomus mirus” and Marrone et al. [19] recorded Diaptomus cf. serbicus in Fthiotis. Diaptomus serbicus (Gjorgjevic, 1907) is considered to be synonymous with Diaptomus mirus serbicus [55], and the accepted name is Diaptomus mirus (Lilljeborg, 1889), according to WoRMS [31], which represents a species complex [56]. Thus, in Table 3, D. mirus is presented in both Corfu and Fthiotis, awaiting further clarification. Another case is the Ecyclops serrulatus group. E. serrulatus was recorded in many lakes and regions of Greece from both surface and subterranean waters (Table 3). Based on recent studies, about 19 valid species belong to the serrulatus group, with 6 of them being reported from Europe [48]. Moreover, Cyclops agilis (Koch, 1938) is synonymous to Eucyclops agilis (Koch, 1938) [31] and is sometimes equated with E. serrulatus [57]. In Greece, Stephanides found E. agilis in Corfu [6] (mentioning “C. agilis-C. serrulatus s. restr.”) and in Attica [36]; we present these records in Table 3 since E. agilis is considered a valid species in WoRMS [31]. Molecular analysis should be performed in future studies to verify the occurrence of E. agilis and E. serrulatus taxa in Greece. Another case is the genus Thermocyclops; in the prior studies, Thermocyclops hyalinus was a commonly found cyclopoid, while Thermocyclops crassus was later recorded in the same lakes (Table 3). Despite mentioning both species as synonymous in many studies (e.g., [48,58]), WoRMS refer to both species as valid [31]. Thermocyclops crassus has also been confused with Thermocyclops oithonoides [58], a species also recorded in Greece. Future studies in water bodies with more than one species from the genus Thermocyclops will reveal the correct distribution of this genus in Greece.
Cases of calanoid species recorded in former studies but not found in the same water bodies in more recent studies were also recorded. For example, Arctodiaptomus dudichi, Arctodiaptomus stephanidesi, and A. steindachneri in Lake Trichonis were recorded by Koussouris (as mentioned by [5,59]); however they were not found in more recent studies (e.g., [60,61]). The same stands for Lake Koronia with Arctodiaptomus bacillifer [62], Arctodiaptomus salinus and Eudiaptomus vulgaris [4]; however, this lake has dried up several times (2002, 2007, 2009, and 2014) [53] and some species did not re-establish populations.
Copepods from subterranean water bodies were mainly studied in the past. Their research started with Lindberg [63,64] and Chappuis [65] and was continued by Stephanides [36]. Later, a series of studies from 1977 to 1986 by de Giuseppe L. Pesce and Domenico Maggi and their team focused on both the Greek islands and the Greek mainland, while recently these habitats have been understudied, with only two studies [66,67] being published over the last few decades. So, additional species are expected to be found by future studies, considering that subterranean waters have not been extensively studied in many parts of Greece. It should also be acknowledged that many of these studies have new descriptions of species or subspecies (e.g., [12,13,14,15,16,66]), and that even new descriptions of endemic species may arise.
The subterranean fauna included taxa characteristic of the surface waters (e.g., Acanthocyclops robustus–vernalis species complex, A. bacillifer, and Neolovenula alluaudi) which can accidentally be found in the upper layers of subterranean waters [16]. This knowledge can be used to better understand the dispersal of these species to nearby water bodies.
Parasitic copepods are understudied in Greece. Only one study [39] was found during the literature review reporting Caligus apodus as a parasite to Chelon ramada (Risso, 1827), while Ergasilus lizae to Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758). Lernaea cyprinacea, and Ergasilus sieboldin were mentioned in the previous checklist [5], based on unpublished studies, but are known as serious fish pests, causing mass mortality and significant commercial losses in freshwater aquaculture [24]. However, parasitic copepods were also found in other lakes [e.g., Kourna and Paralimni (personal data)] without being identified.

4.3. Overall

The diversity of both cladoceran and copepod communities from surface inland water bodies is most probably underestimated due to various factors. First, the sampling efforts are not the same for all types of habitats across Greece. Over the last few decades, many research studies have focused on the monitoring of surface water bodies, especially lakes, and the ways that they function (e.g., [53,59,68,69,70]), while other important habitats such as temporary pools, swamps, ditches, and puddles were studied only in some parts of Greece (e.g., islands such as Corfu and Zakynthos [6,7]; Crete [18]; and regional units such as Attica [36], Epirus [6], and Fthiotis [19]). Thus, many regions have not been explored, especially islands, and rivers and temporary waterbodies are not well studied either; therefore, additional species are expected to be found in future studies. Even when lakes are studied, samplings are usually conducted at the deepest part of the lakes [71,72], so littoral species have been underestimated. Studies with long timeseries are missing, while many studies have sparce samplings, usually limited to the summer–autumn season of lakes (e.g., [73]). Furthermore, considering that subterranean and especially parasitic copepods are vastly understudied in Greece, the gab of knowledge concerning their diversity is even higher. Another factor of species richness underestimation can be connected to the presence of cryptic taxa, revealed through the application of analyses in molecular approaches using integrative taxonomy. Thus, future studies should focus on long-term monitoring, with sampling stations covering different habitats or unexplored water habitats to increase the species richness of Cladocera and Copepoda in Greece.
Another aspect regarding future studies is related to the functional traits of organisms. Based on data availability, cladocerans are more extensively studied compared to copepods [33], where data for groundwater copepods are scarce (Tables S2–S4). This knowledge gap is bigger for species without global distribution or rare species (usually littoral) which do not commonly dominate zooplankton communities.

5. Conclusions

The present study provides an updated checklist of cladocerans and copepods from inland water bodies of Greece based on a compilation of published and current data from 1892 up to 2022. The results identify the knowledge gap that exists concerning the Greek crustacean planktonic fauna associated with specific taxa (e.g., Harpacticoida), habitats (e.g., littoral zone, subterranean, and small water bodies), and regions, emphasizing the importance of its study under the light of a global increase in invasive species and the concomitant threat faced by aquatic ecosystems due to changes in species composition and food web relationships. Future studies should use the current checklist as a reference and set the goals for biodiversity exploration in understudied areas and habitats, as well as disentangle taxonomic cases that are locally and globally identified as problematic. Following this, ecological studies should be performed to identify the keystone species which are important for the functioning, restoration, and management of ecosystems.

Supplementary Materials

The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/d14110997/s1. Table S1: Water bodies’ characteristics; Table S2: Cladocera’s raw data; Table S3: Surface Copepoda’ s raw data; Table S4: Subterranean Copepoda’ s raw data. References [74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123] are cited in the supplementary materials.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, E.M. and G.S.; formal analysis, G.S.; investigation, E.M., G.S. and P.K.; resources, E.M.; data curation, E.M. and G.S.; writing—original draft preparation, E.M., G.S. and P.K.; writing—review and editing, E.M., G.S. and P.K.; visualization, G.S.; supervision, E.M.; project administration, E.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research received no funding.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

Not applicable.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Figure 1. Map of Greece showing (a) the locations of the surface water bodies and (b) the locations of the subterranean water bodies included in the study. Abbreviations: Amv: Amvrakia, Chi: Chimaditida, Doi: Doirani, Gis: Gistova, Ism: Ismarida, Kar: Karla, Kas: Kastoria, Kor: Koronia, Kou: Kournas, Lys: Lysimaxeia, MgP: Megali Prespa, MkP: Mikri Prespa, Oze: Ozeros, Pam: Pamvotis, Par: Paralimni, Pet: Petron, Pik: Pikrolimni, Sty: Stymfalia, Tri: Trichonis, Veg: Vegoritis, Vol: Volvi, Vou: Voulkaria, Yli: Yliki, Zaz: Zazari, Kal: Kalodiki, Agr: Agra, Agy: Agya, DFe: Doxa-Feneou, Ker: Kerkini, Kre: Kremasta, Mar: Marathona, Lad: Ladona, Pin: Pineiou, Pol: Polyfytos, Smo: Smokovo, Str: Stratos, Tav: Tavropou, This: Thisavros, Zir: Zirou, Ali: Aliakmon, CCh: connecting channel (between Megali and Mikri Prespa), KNe: Kipos nerou pond, LAU: Limnoula auth. Skyros is an island of the Sporades archipelago which is indicated separately due to the number of species recorded there for the first time.
Figure 1. Map of Greece showing (a) the locations of the surface water bodies and (b) the locations of the subterranean water bodies included in the study. Abbreviations: Amv: Amvrakia, Chi: Chimaditida, Doi: Doirani, Gis: Gistova, Ism: Ismarida, Kar: Karla, Kas: Kastoria, Kor: Koronia, Kou: Kournas, Lys: Lysimaxeia, MgP: Megali Prespa, MkP: Mikri Prespa, Oze: Ozeros, Pam: Pamvotis, Par: Paralimni, Pet: Petron, Pik: Pikrolimni, Sty: Stymfalia, Tri: Trichonis, Veg: Vegoritis, Vol: Volvi, Vou: Voulkaria, Yli: Yliki, Zaz: Zazari, Kal: Kalodiki, Agr: Agra, Agy: Agya, DFe: Doxa-Feneou, Ker: Kerkini, Kre: Kremasta, Mar: Marathona, Lad: Ladona, Pin: Pineiou, Pol: Polyfytos, Smo: Smokovo, Str: Stratos, Tav: Tavropou, This: Thisavros, Zir: Zirou, Ali: Aliakmon, CCh: connecting channel (between Megali and Mikri Prespa), KNe: Kipos nerou pond, LAU: Limnoula auth. Skyros is an island of the Sporades archipelago which is indicated separately due to the number of species recorded there for the first time.
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Figure 2. Number of Cladocera species per family recorded in Greek waterbodies.
Figure 2. Number of Cladocera species per family recorded in Greek waterbodies.
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Figure 3. The number of copepod taxa per family recorded in Greek surface water bodies.
Figure 3. The number of copepod taxa per family recorded in Greek surface water bodies.
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Figure 4. The number of copepod taxa per family recorded in Greek subterranean water bodies.
Figure 4. The number of copepod taxa per family recorded in Greek subterranean water bodies.
Diversity 14 00997 g004
Table 1. A list of cladocera species recorded in the studied water bodies of Greece (abbreviations according to Figure 1), * indicates species also reported from subterranean water bodies.
Table 1. A list of cladocera species recorded in the studied water bodies of Greece (abbreviations according to Figure 1), * indicates species also reported from subterranean water bodies.
SpeciesRegion
Acroperus harpae (Baird, 1834)Ali, Kas, MgP, MkP, and Pam
Alona guttata G.O. Sars, 1862Ali and Kas
Alona intermedia G.O. Sars, 1862MkP
Alona quadrangularis (O.F. Müller, 1776)Chi, Gis, Kas, Veg, Thi, and Corfu
Alona salina Alonso, 1996Kor and Crete
Alonella excisa (Fischer, 1854)Kou, Yliki, Crete, Corfu, Attica, Zakynthos, and Epirus
Alonella exigua (Lilljeborg, 1853)Kou and Crete
Alonella nana (Baird, 1843)Kou and Corfu
Biapertura affinis (Leydig, 1860)Ali, Doi, Kou, MkP, Tri, Crete, Corfu, and Epirus
Bosmina (Bosmina) longirostris (O.F. Müller, 1785)Ali, Amv, Chi, Doi, Ism, Kar, Kas, Kor, Kou, Lys, MgP, MkP, Oze, Pam, Par, Pet, Pik, Sty, Tri, Veg, Vol, Vou, Yli, Zaz, Ker, Kre, Mar, Lad, Pin, Pol, Smo, Str, Tav, Thi, CCh, and Attica
Bosmina (Eubosmina) coregoni Baird, 1857Kas, MkP, Pet, and Veg
Camptocercus rectirostris Schödler, 1862Doi, Pam, Tav, Corfu, and Zakynthos
Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard, 1894Kas and Corfu
Ceriodaphnia laticaudata P.E. Müller, 1867Pam and Corfu
Ceriodaphnia pulchella G.O. Sars, 1862Ali, Amv, Doi, Kas, Kor, Lys, MgP, MkP, Oze, Pam, Pet, Sty, Tri, Beg, Vol, Vou, Yli, Ker, Pol, Smo, Str, Thi, CCh, and Attica
Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (O.F. Müller, 1785)Ali, Doi, Kar, MgP, MkP, Pet, Yli, Zaz, Lad, Pin, and Crete
Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Jurine, 1820)Yli, Crete, Fthiotis, Corfu, and Attica
Ceriodaphnia setosa Matile, 1890Chi, Zaz
Chydorus latus G.O. Sars, 1862MkP
Chydorus ovalis Kurz, 1875Kor,MgP, and MkP
Chydorus sphaericus (O.F. Müller, 1776)Ali, Amv, Doi, Gis, Kar, Kor, Kou, MkP, Pam, Pet, Sty, Veg, Vol, Vou, Yli, Dfe, Kre, Mar, CCh, Kal, Crete, Fthiotis, Corfu, Attica, and Zakynthos
Coronatella rectangula (G.O. Sars, 1862) *Chi, Doi, Ism, Kar, Kas, Kor, MkP, Oze, Pam, Pet, Pik, Sty, Veg, Vol, Vou, Yli, Zaz, Mar, Smo, Tav, Zir, CCh, Kne, LAU, Kal, Crete, Fthiotis, Corfu, Attica, Zakynthos, and Epirus
Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) atkinsoni Baird, 1859Lys, Pik, Crete, and Attica
Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) chevreuxi Richard, 1896Crete and Fthiotis
Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) magna Straus, 1820Chi, Kor, Zaz, and Corfu
Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) mediterranea Alonso, 1985Attica
Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) similis Claus, 1876Chi, Kor, Macedonia, and Corfu
Daphnia (Daphnia) cucullata G.O. Sars, 1862Ali, Amv, Doi, Kar, Kas, Kor, MgP, MkP, Oze, Pam, Par, Pet, Tri, Veg, Vol, Vou, Yli, Zaz, Dfe, Ker, Kre, Pin, Pol, Smo, Str, Tav, CCh, and Kal
Daphnia (Daphnia) curvirostris Eylmann, 1887Chi and Kor
Daphnia (Daphnia) galeata G.O. Sars, 1864Amv, Chi, Kas, Kor, MkP, Pam, Sty, Tri, Veg, Vol, Yli, Smo, Tav, and Thi
Daphnia (Daphnia) hyalina Leydig, 1860Amv, Doi, Kas, Kor, MgP, MkP, Pam, Pet, Tri, Veg, Vol, Ker, Smo, and Epirus
Daphnia (Daphnia) longispina (O.F. Müller, 1776)Chi, Doi, Gis, Kas, Kor, MgP, MkP, Sty, Tri, Vou, Zaz, Ker, Pin, Smo, and Epirus
Daphnia (Daphnia) obtusa Kurz, 1874Kor and Corfu
Daphnia (Daphnia) parvula Fordyce, 1901Yli
Daphnia (Daphnia) pulex Leydig, 1860 *Kor, MkP, Macedonia, Corfu, and Zakynthos
Daphnia (Daphnia) pulicaria Forbes, 1893Kor, MkP, Macedonia, Corfu, and Zakynthos
Daphnia psittacea Baird, 1850Macedonia and Corfu
Diaphanosoma macedonicum Korovchinsky and Petkovski, 2014Doi, MgP, and MkP
Diaphanosoma mongolianum Ueno, 1938Ali, Kas, Pam, Par, Veg, Vol, Vou, Ker, Kre, and Tav
Diaphanosoma orghidani Negrea, 1982Amv, Lys, Oze, Par, Tri, Vol, Lad, Str, and Tav
Disparalona leei (Chien Shing-ming, 1970)Vol
Disparalona rostrata (Koch, 1841)Doi, Kas, Kor, Pam, Pet, Veg, Yli, Zaz, Mar, Lad, and Attica
Dunhevedia crassa King, 1853Corfu
Eurycercus lamellatus (O.F. Müller, 1776)Ali, Doi, and MkP
Graptoleberis testudinaria (Fischer, 1851)Doi, Kas, MkP, Corfu, and Epirus
Ilyocryptus agilis Kurz, 1878Doi, Kas, MkP, and Pam
Ilyocryptus sordidus (Liévin, 1848)Ali, Kas, Kor, Oze, and Vol
Kurzia latissima (Kurz, 1875)Epirus
Lathonura rectirostris (O.F. Müller, 1785)Macedonia, Corfu, and Attica
Leptodora kindtii (Focke, 1844)Doi, Kor, Lys, MgP, MkP, Oze, Pam, Tri, Veg, Vol, Yli, Str, Tav, Thi, and Kal
Leydigia acanthocercoides (Fischer, 1854)Chi, Doi
Leydigia iberica Kotov and Alonso, 2010Crete
Leydigia leydigi (Schödler, 1863)Doi, MkP, Pam, Vol, and Corfu
Macrothrix hirsuticornis Norman and Brady, 1867Doi, Kor, Pam, Vou, Crete, Fthiotis, Corfu, and Attica
Macrothrix laticornis (Jurine, 1820)Veg, Vol, and Corfu
Macrothrix rosea (Jurine, 1820)Corfu
Megafenestra aurita (Fischer, 1849)Chi, Kor, and Zaz
Moina belli Gurney, 1904Macedonia and Corfu
Moina brachiata (Jurine, 1820)Ism, Kas, Kor, Pet, Pik, Vol, Crete, Fthiotis, Macedonia, Corfu, and Attica
Moina dubia Guerne and Richard, 1892Corfu
Moina macrocopa (Straus, 1820)Fthiotis
Moina micrura Kurz, 1875Doi, Kas, Kar, Kor, Lys, Oze, Pam, Pet, Veg, Vou, Yli, Zaz, Crete, Macedonia, and Corfu
Monospilus dispar G.O. Sars, 1862Yli and Attica
Ovalona anastasia (Sinev, Alonso, Miracle, and Sahuquillo, 2012)Crete
Ovalona nuragica (Margaritora, 1971)Crete
Oxyurella tenuicaudis (G.O. Sars, 1862)Kas and Corfu
Peracantha truncata (O.F. Müller, 1785)MkP
Picripleuroxus denticulatus (Birge, 1879)MgP, MkP, and Vol
Picripleuroxus laevis (G.O. Sars, 1862)Doi, MkP, and Corfu
Pleuroxus aduncus (Jurine, 1820)Kas and Pam
Pleuroxus trigonellus (O.F. Müller, 1776)Doi and Pam
Pseudochydorus globosus (Baird, 1843)Doi
Scapholeberis mucronata (O.F. Müller, 1776)MkP
Scapholeberis rammneri (Dumont and Pensaert, 1983)Kor, Macedonia, Corfu, and Attica
Sida crystallina (O.F. Müller, 1776)Chi, Doi, Kor, MgP, MkP, Pet, Veg, and Vol
Simocephalus exspinosus (De Geer, 1778)Ali
Simocephalus serrulatus (Koch, 1841)Doi and Pet
Simocephalus vetulus (O.F. Müller, 1776)Ali, Doi, Kas, Kor, MkP, Pam, Pet, Sty, Vol, Zaz, Zir, Crete, Fthiotis, Corfu and Zakynthos
Tretocephala ambigua (Lilljeborg, 1901)Kor and Macedonia
Wlassicsia pannonica Daday, 1903Fthiotis
Table 2. Taxonomy and number of cladoceran species per genus.
Table 2. Taxonomy and number of cladoceran species per genus.
ClassSuperorderOrderFamilyGeneraNumber of Species
BranchiopodaDiplostracaAnomopodaBosminidaeBosmina2
ChydoridaeAcroperus1
Alona4
Alonella3
Biapertura1
Camptocercus1
Chydorus3
Coronatella1
Disparalona2
Dunhevedia1
Graptoleberis1
Kurzia1
Leydigia3
Monospilus1
Ovalona2
Oxyurella1
Peracantha1
Picripleuroxus2
Pleuroxus2
Pseudochydorus1
Tretocephala1
DaphniidaeCeriodaphnia6
Daphnia15
Megafenestra1
Scapholeberis2
Simocephalus3
EurycercidaeEurycercus1
IlyocryptidaeIlyocryptus2
MacrothricidaeLathonura1
Macrothrix3
Wlassicsia1
MoinidaeMoina5
HaplopodaLeptodoridaeLeptodora1
CtenopodaSididaeDiaphanosoma3
Sida1
Table 3. A list of copepod taxa recorded in the studied surface water bodies of Greece (abbreviations according to Figure 1); * indicates species also reported from subterranean water bodies.
Table 3. A list of copepod taxa recorded in the studied surface water bodies of Greece (abbreviations according to Figure 1); * indicates species also reported from subterranean water bodies.
TaxaRegion
Calanoida
Arctodiaptomus alpinus (Imhoff, 1885)Crete and Fthiotis
Arctodiaptomus bacillifer (Koelbel, 1885) *Kor
Arctodiaptomus dudichi Kiefer, 1932Tri and Corfu
Arctodiaptomus kerkyrensis Pesta, 1935Corfu
Arctodiaptomus pectinicornis (Wierzejski, 1887)Chi, Pet, Sty, Zaz, and Fthiotis
Arctodiaptomus salinus (Daday, 1885)Kor and Veg
Arctodiaptomus spinosus (Daday, 1891)Kor and Pik, Tri
Arctodiaptomus steindachneri (Richard, 1897)Kar, MgP, MkP, Pam, Tri, Smo, CCh, Kal, and Epirus
Arctodiaptomus stephanidesi stephanidesi (Pesta, 1935)Macedonia and Corfu
Arctodiaptomus wierzejskii (Richard, 1888)Macedonia
Calanipeda aquaedulcis Krichagin, 1873Kou, Crete, Fthiotis, and Corfu
Diaptomus mirus Lilljeborg, 1889Fthiotis and Corfu
Eudiaptomus drieschi (Poppe and Mrázek, 1895)Amv, Lys, Oze, Tri, Vou, Dfe, Lad, and Str
Eudiaptomus gracilis (Sars G.O., 1863)Ali, Doi, MkP, Pin, Pol, Thi, and Corfu
Eudiaptomus graciloides (Lilljeborg, 1888)MkP and Veg
Eudiaptomus vulgaris (Schmeil, 1896)Kor, Ker, and Corfu
Mixodiaptomus tatricus (Wierzejski, 1883)Gis
Neolovenula alluaudi (Guerne and Richard, 1890)*Pet and Veg
Cyclopoida
Acanthocyclops einslei Mirabdullayev and Defaye, 2004Agy and Fthiotis
Acanthocyclops robustus–vernalis (species complex) *Kar, Kas, Kor, Pam, Pik, Vou, Ker, and Thi
Acanthocyclops trajani Mirabdullayev and Defaye, 2004Doi, Gis, and Pet
Cyclops abyssorum abyssorum Sars G.O., 1863Veg
Cyclops ankyrae Mann, 1940Fthiotis
Cyclops strenuus Fischer, 1851 *Doi, Kor, MkP, Veg, Corfu, and Zakynthos
Cyclops vicinus Uljanin, 1875Chi, Doi, Kar, Kas, Kor, MgP, MkP, Pam, Pet, Tri, Veg, Vol, Yli, Pol, Smo, Tav, Thi, and Kal
Diacyclops bicuspidatus (Claus, 1857) *Pam, Vol, and Macedonia
Diacyclops bicuspidatus lubbocki (Brady, 1868) *Crete, Fthiotis, Corfu, and Epirus
Diacyclops bicuspidatus odessanus (Schmankevitsch, 1875) *Attica
Diacyclops bisetosus (Rehberg, 1880) *Kor, Smo, Attica, and Corfu
Diacyclops crassicaudis (Sars G.O., 1863) *Corfu
Eucyclops agilis (Koch, 1838)Attica and Corfu
Eucyclops lilljeborgi (Sars G.O., 1918)Yli and Attica
Eucyclops macruroides (Lilljeborg, 1901)MgP, MkP, Veg, Yli, and Attica
Eucyclops serrulatus (Fischer, 1851) *Chi, Doi, Kas, Kou, MgP, MkP, Oze, Pam, Pet, Veg, Vol, Yli, Zaz, Agr, Phocis, Crete, Fthiotis, Macedonia, and Attica
Eucyclops speratus (Lilljeborg, 1901)Kas, Pam, Yli, Agr, Mar, Attica, and Corfu
Halicyclops rotundipes Kiefer, 1935 *Corfu
Macrocyclops albidus (Jurine, 1820) *Amv, Doi, Kas, Kor, Kou, Lys, MgP, MkP, Oze, Pam, Tri, Veg, Vou, Agr, Kre, Smo, Str, Crete, and Epirus
Macrocyclops fuscus (Jurine, 1820) *Doi, Veg, Agr, Macedonia, and Attica
Megacyclops viridis (Jurine, 1820) *Chi, Kas, Kor, MgP, Pam, Tri, Crete, Corfu, and Zakynthos
Mesocyclops leuckarti (Claus, 1857)Doi, MgP, MkP, Pam, Pet, Veg, Vol, Yli, Zaz, Mar, Pol, Tav, CCh, and Attica
Metacyclops gracilis (Lilljeborg, 1853)Zaz
Metacyclops minutus (Claus, 1863)Crete, Fthiotis, and Corfu
Metacyclops planus (Gurney, 1909)Macedonia and Corfu
Microcyclops bicolor (Sars G.O., 1863)Pam and Corfu
Microcyclops rubellus (Lilljeborg, 1901)Fthiotis and Corfu
Microcyclops varicans (Sars G.O., 1863)Pam, Tri, Corfu, and Epirus
Microcyclops varicans bitaenia Fryer, 1957Pet and Str
Ochridacyclops arndti Kiefer, 1937Kas and MgP
Paracyclops affinis (Sars G.O., 1863)Corfu, Zakynthos, and Epirus
Paracyclops fimbriatus (Fischer, 1853) *Chi, Doi, Kas, Pam, Pet, Veg, Crete, Fthiotis, Macedonia, Attica, and Corfu
Paracyclops fimbriatus abnobensis Kiefer, 1929Corfu
Paracyclops imminutus Kiefer, 1929Phocis
Platycyclops phaleratus (Koch, 1838)Agr, Crete, and Corfu
Speocyclops demetiensis (Scourfield, 1932) *Phocis
Thermocyclops crassus crassus (Fischer, 1853)Ali, Chi, Doi, Kas, MgP, MkP, Par, Pet, Veg, Vol, Yli, Zaz, Ker, and Tav
Thermocyclops dybowskii (Landé, 1890) *Amv, Vol, Vou, Zaz, Smo, and Corfu
Thermocyclops hyalinus (Rehberg, 1880)Doi, Kas, Pet, Vol, and Ker
Thermocyclops oithonoides (Sars G.O., 1863)Lys, Kre, and Thi
Thermocyclops stephanidesi Kiefer, 1938 *Attica and Corfu
Tropocyclops prasinus (Fischer, 1860) *Zir, Crete, and Corfu
Harpacticoida
Attheyella (Attheyella) crassa (Sars G.O., 1863) *Kas, Macedonia, and Corfu
Attheyella (Neomrazekiella) trispinosa (Brady, 1880)Corfu
Attheyella (Neomrazekiella) wulmeri (Kerhervé, 1914)Kas and Corfu
Bryocamptus (Bryocamptus) minutus (Claus, 1863) *Corfu and Epirus
Bryocamptus (Rheocamptus) pygmaeus pygmaeus (Sars G.O., 1863) *Corfu
Canthocamptus (Canthocamptus) staphylinus (Jurine, 1820) *Kas, Crete, Fthiotis, and Corfu
Canuella perplexa Scott T. and Scott A., 1893Corfu
Cletocamptus confluens (Schmeil, 1894)Corfu
Cletocamptus retrogressus Schmankevitsch, 1875Crete and Corfu
Leptocaris brevicornis (Douwe, 1904)Corfu
Mesochra aestuarii Gurney, 1921Kou and Crete
Microarthridion littorale (Poppe, 1881)Corfu
Nannopus palustris Brady, 1880Corfu
Nitokra hibernica hibernica (Brady, 1880)Vol, Yli, and Mar
Nitokra lacustris (Schmankevitsch, 1875)Vol, Crete, and Corfu
Nitokra spinipes Boeck, 1865 *Corfu
Onychocamptus mohammed (Blanchard and Richard, 1891)Kou, Crete, Attica, and Corfu
Schizopera stephanidesi Pesta, 1938Corfu
Table 4. The taxonomy and number of copepod taxa per genus for surface water bodies.
Table 4. The taxonomy and number of copepod taxa per genus for surface water bodies.
ClassSuperorderOrderFamilyGeneraNumber of Taxa
CopepodaGymnopleaCalanoidaDiaptomidaeArctodiaptomus10
Diaptomus1
Eudiaptomus4
Mixodiaptomus1
Neolovenula1
PseudodiaptomidaeCalanipeda1
PodopleaCyclopoidaCyclopidaeAcanthocyclops3
Cyclops4
Diacyclops5
Eucyclops5
Macrocyclops2
Megacyclops1
Mesocyclops1
Metacyclops3
Microcyclops4
Paracyclops4
Platycyclops1
Speocyclops1
Thermocyclops5
Tropocyclops1
Ochridacyclops1
HalicyclopidaeHalicyclops1
HarpacticoidaAmeiridaeNitokra3
CanthocamptidaeAttheyella3
Bryocamptus2
Cletocamptus2
Canthocamptus1
Mesochra1
CanuellidaeCanuella1
DarcythompsoniideaLeptocaris1
DioscaccinaeSchizopera1
LaophontidaeOnychocamptus1
NannopodidaeNannopus1
TachidiidaeMicroarthridion1
Table 5. A list of copepod taxa recorded in the studied subterranean water bodies of Greece; * indicates species also reported from surface water bodies.
Table 5. A list of copepod taxa recorded in the studied subterranean water bodies of Greece; * indicates species also reported from surface water bodies.
Subterranean CopepodsRegion
Calanoida
Arctodiaptomus bacillifer (Koelbel, 1885) *Lesbos
Neolovenula alluaudi (Guerne and Richard, 1890) *Crete
Cyclopoida
Acanthocyclops cephallenus Pesce, 1978Kefalonia
Acanthocyclops robustu–-vernalis (species complex) *Macedonia
Cyclops strenuus Fischer, 1851 *Zakynthos
Cyclops rubens Müller O.F., 1785Crete
Diacyclops antrincola Kiefer, 1967Epirus, Aetolia-Acarnania, Kefalonia, Lesbos, Peloponnese, Zakynthos, and Corfu
Diacyclops bicuspidatus (Claus, 1857)Peloponnese and Macedonia
Diacyclops bicuspidatus lubbocki (Brady, 1868) *Lesbos
Diacyclops bicuspidatus odessanus (Schmankevitsch, 1875)Epirus, Aetolia-Acarnania, Peloponnese, Corfu, Crete, and Zakynthos
Diacyclops bisetosus (Rehberg, 1880)Epirus, Fthiotis, Crete, Macedonia, and Attica
Diacyclops clandestinus (Yeatman, 1964)Crete and Macedonia
Diacyclops crassicaudis (Sars G.O., 1863) *Epirus and Aetolia-Acarnania
Diacyclops crassicaudis cretensis (Kiefer, 1928)Peloponnese, Corfu, Crete, and Lesbos
Diacyclops hypnicola (Gurney, 1927)Epirus, Peloponnese, Crete, Kefalonia, and Lesbos
Diacyclops languidoides (Lilljeborg, 1901)Epirus, Kefalonia, and Peloponnese
Diacyclops languidoides nagysalloensis Kiefer, 1927Zakynthos
Diacyclops languidus (Sars G.O., 1863)Epirus
Diacyclops maggii Pesce and Galassi, 1987Thessalia
Diacyclops pelagonicus Petkovski, 1971Macedonia
Diacyclops zschokkei (Graeter, 1910)Epirus, Aetolia-Acarnania, Kefalonia, Peloponnese, Fthiotis, Macedonia, and Attica
Eucyclops serrulatus (Fischer, 1851) *Epirus, Aetolia-Acarnania, Kefalonia, Peloponnese, Attica, Fthiotis, Thessalia, Crete, Zakynthos, Lesbos, and Macedonia
Halicyclops rotundipes Kiefer, 1935 *Peloponnese
Halicyclops rotundipes putealis Kiefer, 1938Peloponnese and Kefalonia
Halicyclops troglodytes Kiefer, 1954Kefalonia
Macrocyclops albidus (Jurine, 1820) *Attica, Lesbos, and Macedonia
Macrocyclops fuscus (Jurine, 1820) *Macedonia
Megacyclops dussarti dussarti Pesce and Maggi, 1977Epirus and Peloponnese
Megacyclops viridis (Jurine, 1820) *Epirus, Aetolia-Acarnania, Macedonia, Kefalonia, Peloponnese, Zakynthos, and Crete
Metacyclops subdolus Kiefer, 1938Crete, Attica, and Peloponnese
Paracyclops fimbriatus (Fischer, 1853) *Epirus, Aetolia-Acarnania, Kefalonia, Viotia, Peloponnese, Crete, and Macedonia
Speocyclops creticus Lindberg, 1957Crete
Speocyclops demetiensis (Scourfield, 1932) *Zakynthos and Crete
Speocyclops demetiensis acrotirii Lindberg, 1955Crete
Speocyclops demetiensis dubiosus Lindberg, 1956Crete
Speocyclops demetiensis sitiae Lindberg, 1956Crete
Thermocyclops dybowskii (Landé, 1890) *Epirus, Aetolia-Acarnania, and Peloponnese
Thermocyclops oblongatus (Sars G.O., 1927)Peloponnese, Corfu, Crete, Zakynthos, and Lesbos
Thermocyclops stephanidesi Kiefer, 1938 *Epirus, Attica, Kefalonia, Peloponnese, Crete, and Corfu
Tropocyclops prasinus (Fischer, 1860) *Epirus, Kefalonia, Peloponnese, Corfu, Attica, Thessalia, Lesbos, and Crete
Harpacticoida
Attheyella (Attheyella) crassa (Sars G.O., 1863) *Lesbos, Peloponnese, Attica, Skyros, and Zakynthos
Attheyella (Neomrazekiella) dentata (Poggenpool, 1874)Attica
Bryocamptus (Bryocamptus) minutus (Claus, 1863) *Zakynthos and Crete
Bryocamptus (Rheocamptus) pygmaeus pygmaeus (Sars, G.O., 1863) *Crete
Canthocamptus staphylinus (Jurine, 1820) *Peloponnese and Crete
Cottarellicaris aphroditis (Cottarelli and Bruno, 1997)Kythira
Elaphoidella denticulata Chappuis, 1929Crete
Elaphoidella elaphoides (Chappuis, 1924)Epirus, Peloponnese, Evia, Sporades, Lesbos, and Crete
Elaphoidella gracilis (Sars G.O., 1863)Peloponnese
Elaphoidella karamani Chappuis, 1936Sporades and Peloponnese
Elaphoidella minos Chappuis, 1956Crete
Elaphoidella moreae Pesce, 1981Peloponnese
Elaphoidella silverii Pesce, 1985Skyros and Lesbos
Elaphoidella simplex Chappuis, 1944Peloponnese
Maraenobiotus brucei carpathicus Chappuis, 1928Crete
Maraenobiotus vejdovskyi Mrázek, 1893Crete
Megastygonitocrella petkovskii (Pesce, 1985)Lesbos
Moraria (Moraria) stankovitchi Chappuis, 1924Crete
Moraria (Moraria) varica (Graeter, 1911)Crete
Nitocrella achaiae Pesce, 1981Peloponnese
Nitocrella maggii Pesce, 1983Lesbos
Nitocrella rhodiensis Pesce, 1983Rhodes and Lesbos
Nitocrella skyrensis Pesce, 1982Skyros and Evia
Nitocrella slovenica Petkovski, 1959Lesbos
Nitocrella stammeri Chappuis, 1938Skyros, Evia, Crete, and Attica
Nitokra platypus Daday, 1906Crete
Nitokra spinipes Boeck, 1865 *Zakynthos
Parapseudoleptomesochra hellenica Pesce, 1981Skyros
Parastenocaris aesculapii Cottarelli and Bruno, 1997Kos
Pseudectinosoma reductum Galassi and De Laurentiis, 1997Thessalia
Table 6. The taxonomy and number of copepod taxa per genus for subterranean water bodies.
Table 6. The taxonomy and number of copepod taxa per genus for subterranean water bodies.
ClassSuperorderOrderFamilyGeneraNumber of Taxa
CopepodaGymnopleaCalanoidaDiaptomidaeArctodiaptomus1
Neolovenula1
PodopleaCyclopoidaCyclopidaeAcanthocyclops2
Cyclops2
Diacyclops15
Eucyclops1
Macrocyclops2
Megacyclops2
Metacyclops1
Paracyclops1
Speocyclops5
Thermocyclops3
Tropocyclops1
HalicyclopidaeHalicyclops3
HarpacticoidaAmeiridaeMegastygonitocrella1
Nitocrella6
Nitokra1
Parapseudoleptomesochra1
CanthocamptidaeAttheyella2
Bryocamptus2
Canthocamptus1
Elaphoidella `8
Maraenobiotus2
Monaria2
EctinosomatidaePseudectinosoma1
ParastenocarididaeCottarellicaris1
Parastenocaris1
Table 7. Taxa recorded in Zarfdjian and Economidis [5] without specifying the reference or if the taxa were recorded in surface or subterranean waterbodies. Underlined species have not been reported in the previous studies, n.s.: not specified.
Table 7. Taxa recorded in Zarfdjian and Economidis [5] without specifying the reference or if the taxa were recorded in surface or subterranean waterbodies. Underlined species have not been reported in the previous studies, n.s.: not specified.
ClassSuperorderOrderFamilyTaxaRegion
CopepodaGymnopleaCalanoidaDiaptomidaeOccidodiaptomus gurneyi (Roy, 1927)Corfu
Mixodiaptomus kupelwieseri (Brehm, 1907)Corfu
PodopleaCyclopoidaCyclopidaeCyclops strenuus Fischer, 1851Greece occidentale and Peloponnese
Cyclops vicinus Uljanin, 1875Macedonia
Diacyclops antrincola Kiefer, 1967Cos
Diacyclops languidoides (Lilljeborg, 1901)Greece centrale, Crete, and Lesbos
Eucyclops serrulatus (Fischer, 1851)Corfu
Halicyclops magniceps
(Lilljeborg, 1853)
n.s.
Megacyclops viridis viridis (Jurine, 1820)Cos
Mesocyclops leuckarti (Claus, 1857)Macedonia and Nisyros
Paracyclops fimbriatus (Fischer, 1853)Tilos
Speocyclops demetiensis (Scourfield, 1932)Attica and Peloponnese
Thermocyclops stephanidesi Kiefer, 1938Macedonia and Lesbos
HalicyclopidaeTropocyclops prasinus (Fischer, 1860)Macedonia and Rhodos
HarpacticoidaCanthocamptidaeBryocamptus (Rheocamptus) pygmaeus pygmaeus (Sars, G.O., 1863)Attica and Peloponnese
Bryocamptus (Rheocamptus) zschokkei zschokkei (Schmeil, 1893)Crete
Canthocamptus staphylinus (Jurine, 1820)Lesbos
Elaphoidella eucharis Chappuis, 1953n.s.
Elaphoidella varians Chappuis, 1955Crete
Table 8. A list of parasitic copepod taxa recorded in Greece.
Table 8. A list of parasitic copepod taxa recorded in Greece.
ClassSuperorderOrderFamilyTaxaLiterature
CopepodaPodopleaSiphonostomatoidaCaligidaeCaligus apodus (Brian, 1924)[39]
CyclopoidaErgasilidaeErgasilus lizae Krøyer, 1863[39]
Ergasilus sieboldin Nordmann, 1832[5]
LernaeidaeLernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758[5]
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Stamou, G.; Kourkoutmani, P.; Michaloudi, E. The Inland Cladocera and Copepoda Fauna in Greece. Diversity 2022, 14, 997. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14110997

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Stamou G, Kourkoutmani P, Michaloudi E. The Inland Cladocera and Copepoda Fauna in Greece. Diversity. 2022; 14(11):997. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14110997

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Stamou, Georgia, Polyxeni Kourkoutmani, and Evangelia Michaloudi. 2022. "The Inland Cladocera and Copepoda Fauna in Greece" Diversity 14, no. 11: 997. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14110997

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