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Molecules, Volume 7, Issue 2 (February 2002) – 19 articles , Pages 104-319

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26 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of 6-Methoxy-1-oxaspiro[4,5]deca-6,9-diene-8-one
by Guy L. Plourde and Benjamin B. Fisher
Molecules 2002, 7(2), 315-319; https://doi.org/10.3390/70200315 - 28 Feb 2002
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 6856
Abstract
The synthesis of a new spirolactone is described. The title compound is obtained as a white solid in 46% yield from 3-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid using [Bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene (PIFA) as the oxidant. Full article
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61 KiB  
Review
1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Substituted Benzyl Azides with Acetylenic Compounds
by Sultan T. Abu-Orabi
Molecules 2002, 7(2), 302-314; https://doi.org/10.3390/70200302 - 28 Feb 2002
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 10803
Abstract
We review in this article some of our work which has been published over the last fifteen years in the area of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of substituted benzyl azides with acetylenic compounds to form the corresponding 1,2-3-triazoles. Several triazole derivatives were transformed into [...] Read more.
We review in this article some of our work which has been published over the last fifteen years in the area of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of substituted benzyl azides with acetylenic compounds to form the corresponding 1,2-3-triazoles. Several triazole derivatives were transformed into triazolopyridazine and triazolo-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives upon their reactions with hydrazine. Full article
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233 KiB  
Review
Chemistry of the Genus Plectranthus
by M. Abdel-Mogib, H. A. Albar and S. M. Batterjee
Molecules 2002, 7(2), 271-301; https://doi.org/10.3390/70200271 - 28 Feb 2002
Cited by 132 | Viewed by 15468
Abstract
This review presents the phytochemical constituents of the genus Plectranthus reported up to 1999. Only a tetrameric derivative of caffeic acid was isolated from P. japonicus, but a group of long-chain alkylphenols, of possible taxonomic significance in the genus, was also isolated. As [...] Read more.
This review presents the phytochemical constituents of the genus Plectranthus reported up to 1999. Only a tetrameric derivative of caffeic acid was isolated from P. japonicus, but a group of long-chain alkylphenols, of possible taxonomic significance in the genus, was also isolated. As a genus of the subfamily Nepetoideae, Plectranthus is free from iridoid glycosides and rich in essential oil (i.e. > 0.5% volatile oil on a dry weight basis). Diterpenoids are the more common secondary metabolites in Plectranthus. The majority of them are highly modified abietanoids. This seems to be similar to the pattern of diterpenoids observed for Salvia, but no clerodane diterpenoids were found in Plectranthus. Full article
25 KiB  
Article
Mn (Br8TPPS) Supported on Amberlite IRA-400 as a Robust and Efficient Catalyst for Alkene Epoxidation and Alkane Hydroxylation
by S. Tangestaninejad, M. H. Habibi, V. Mirkhani and M. Moghadam
Molecules 2002, 7(2), 264-270; https://doi.org/10.3390/70200264 - 28 Feb 2002
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 7918
Abstract
Manganese (III) meso-tetrakis(p-sulfonatophenyl)-β-octabromoporphyrin supported on Amberlite IRA-400 [Mn(Br8TPPS)-Ad-400] is a robust and efficient catalyst for epoxidation of alkenes and hydroxylation of alkanes with sodium periodate at room temperature. Full article
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81 KiB  
Article
Reactivity of 3-Ethoxycarbonyl Isoquinolinium Salts Towards Various Nucleophilic Reagents: Applications to the Synthesis of New 1,2-Dihydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylates
by Mohamed Ameziane Aït Amer Meziane and Jean Pierre Bazureau
Molecules 2002, 7(2), 252-263; https://doi.org/10.3390/70200252 - 28 Feb 2002
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 8972
Abstract
Different types of novel 1,2-disubstituted 1,2-dihydro isoquinolines were synthesized by addition reactions of organolithium, alcoholates and borohydride reagents with various isoquinolinium salts. The leaving group character of the isoquinoline moiety was also evidenced. Full article
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78 KiB  
Article
An Acylated Kaempferol Glycoside from Flowers of Foeniculum vulgare and F. Dulce
by Fathy M. Soliman, Afaf H. Shehata, Amal E. Khaleel and Shahera M. Ezzat
Molecules 2002, 7(2), 245-251; https://doi.org/10.3390/70200245 - 28 Feb 2002
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 10786
Abstract
An acylated kaempferol glycoside, namely kaempferol-3-O-α-L-(2”,3”-di-E-pcoumaroyl)-rhamnoside (1) was isolated from the flowers of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. and F. dulce DC. It is thus isolated for the first time from family Apiaceae. In addition, the different organs of both plants afforded six flavonoid glycosides [...] Read more.
An acylated kaempferol glycoside, namely kaempferol-3-O-α-L-(2”,3”-di-E-pcoumaroyl)-rhamnoside (1) was isolated from the flowers of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. and F. dulce DC. It is thus isolated for the first time from family Apiaceae. In addition, the different organs of both plants afforded six flavonoid glycosides - namely afzelin (kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside) (2), quercitrin (3), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (4), isoquercitrin (5), rutin (6), and miquelianin (quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide) (7). Structure elucidation of the above mentioned flavonoids was achieved by UV, 1H- and 13C-NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC and EI-MS. Full article
28 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Some Aldoxime Derivatives of 4H-Pyran-4-ones
by Fateme Abrishami, Reza Teimuri-Mofrad, Yadollah Bayat and Aziz Shahrisa
Molecules 2002, 7(2), 239-244; https://doi.org/10.3390/70200239 - 28 Feb 2002
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 8098
Abstract
Aldoxime derivatives of 4H-pyran-4-ones 4-7a,b have been synthesized by the reaction of di(aminoxymethyl) pyranones 3a,b with aromatic aldehydes. Full article
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239 KiB  
Article
marvin: A Platform for Chemoinformatics Software Development
by A. Dominik and H. J. Roth
Molecules 2002, 7(2), 206-238; https://doi.org/10.3390/70200206 - 28 Feb 2002
Viewed by 10287
Abstract
A strategy for a new type of platform for chemoinformatics software development and its first implementation are presented. The basic task of such a platform is to apply sequences of computational methods to high numbers of molecules. The implementation presented is based on [...] Read more.
A strategy for a new type of platform for chemoinformatics software development and its first implementation are presented. The basic task of such a platform is to apply sequences of computational methods to high numbers of molecules. The implementation presented is based on four major components: (a) the application manager, responsible for running programs and for data management; (b) executable applications that supply limited pieces of functionality; (c) syntax definitions for data and control files and (d) the runtime library which comprises routines for data handling and user interface. This simple concept is implemented in the software package marvin. Different computational methods are available within marvin, including parts of commercial software packages (e.g. molecular modeling, bioinformatics, statistics, etc.) as well as newly developed and innovative algorithms. The basic layout of marvin is described and a simple example illustrates its application. Full article
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112 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Substituted Phenyl N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-N-Methylcarbamates
by Oldřich Hrabík, Petr Šimůnek, Jaromír Mindl and Jaromír Kaválek
Molecules 2002, 7(2), 200-205; https://doi.org/10.3390/70200200 - 28 Feb 2002
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 6067
Abstract
Thirteen previously unreported substituted phenyl N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-Nmethylcarbamates were prepared by the reaction of substituted 2-hydroxybenzyl-Nmethylamines with phenyl chlorocarbonates. They were identified by their 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra. Full article
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69 KiB  
Article
Functionalization of Phenyl Rings by Imidoylnitrenes. 3 The Effects of Resonance, Steric, and Inductive Properties on the Reactivity or Selectivity of Nitrenes and the Stability of their Precursors
by Hossein A. Dabbagh and Reza Karimzadeh
Molecules 2002, 7(2), 189-199; https://doi.org/10.3390/70200189 - 28 Feb 2002
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 7832
Abstract
The thermal decomposition of imidoyl azides (ArO-C=N-Z)-N3, (Ar = p-NO2-C6H4-, p-Br-C6H4-, p-Cl-C6H4-, p-C6H5-, p-CH3-C6H4-, 2,4-dimethyl-C6H3-, [...] Read more.
The thermal decomposition of imidoyl azides (ArO-C=N-Z)-N3, (Ar = p-NO2-C6H4-, p-Br-C6H4-, p-Cl-C6H4-, p-C6H5-, p-CH3-C6H4-, 2,4-dimethyl-C6H3-, 2,4,6-trimethyl-C6H2-, p-CH3O-C6H4- and Z = p-CH3-C6H4-SO2-, 2,4,6-trimethyl-C6H2-SO2-,CN) in the solid phase and in anisole has been studied in detail. The sensitivity of nitrenes and nitrene precursors (imidoyl azides) towards substitution changes in the aryloxy (ArO) and Z moieties is examined. Full article
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233 KiB  
Review
Synthesis and Reactions of Acenaphthenequinones-Part-2. The Reactions of Acenaphthenequinones
by El Sayed H. El Ashry, Hamida Abdel Hamid, Ahmed A. Kassem and Mahmoud Shoukry
Molecules 2002, 7(2), 155-188; https://doi.org/10.3390/70200155 - 28 Feb 2002
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 11657
Abstract
The reactions of acenaphthenequinone and its derivatives with different nucleophiles, organic and inorganic reagents are reviewed. This survey also covers their oxidation and reduction reactions, in addition to many known reactions such as Friedel Crafts, Diels-Alder, bromination and thiolation. Full article
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157 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Thieno[2,3-d]-1,3-dithiol-2-thiones from Thieno[2,3-d]-1,2,3-thiadiazoles: Matryoshka-type autoclave for high-temperature, high-pressure thermolysis microscale reactions
by Ulrich Jordis, Kaberi Bhattacharya, Philip Y. Boamah and Ving J. Lee
Molecules 2002, 7(2), 145-154; https://doi.org/10.3390/70200145 - 28 Feb 2002
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 7676
Abstract
Thieno[2,3-d]-1,2,3-thiadiazoles (1) react with carbon disulfide in a "Matryoshkatype" double compartment autoclave [1] to yield thieno[2,3-d]-1,3-dithiol-2-thiones (2). With BH3/Me2S the cyclic trithiocarbonate (2d) is cleaved and the product characterized after methylation as 4b. Compounds 7a and 7b are prepared [...] Read more.
Thieno[2,3-d]-1,2,3-thiadiazoles (1) react with carbon disulfide in a "Matryoshkatype" double compartment autoclave [1] to yield thieno[2,3-d]-1,3-dithiol-2-thiones (2). With BH3/Me2S the cyclic trithiocarbonate (2d) is cleaved and the product characterized after methylation as 4b. Compounds 7a and 7b are prepared via the thieno[2,3-d]-1,3-dithiolium salts (6) followed by NaBH4-reduction. Full article
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75 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Two Potentially Heptadentate (N4O3) Schiff-base Ligands Derived from Condensation of Tris(3-aminopropyl)-amine and Salicylaldehyde or 4-Hydroxysalicylaldehyde. Nickel(II) and Copper(II) Complexes of the Former Ligand
by Hassan Keypour, Sadegh Salehzadeh and R. V. Parish
Molecules 2002, 7(2), 140-144; https://doi.org/10.3390/70200140 - 28 Feb 2002
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 10475
Abstract
Two potentially heptadentate (N4O3) tripodal Schiff-base ligands: tris(3-(salicylideneimino)propyl)amine (H3L1) and tris(3-(4’-hydroxysalicylideneimino)-propyl)amine (H3L2) have been prepared and characterized by various spectroscopic methods (IR, FAB-MS, NMR). They are derived from the condensation reactions of tris(3-aminopropyl)amine (tpt), with 3 equivalents of either [...] Read more.
Two potentially heptadentate (N4O3) tripodal Schiff-base ligands: tris(3-(salicylideneimino)propyl)amine (H3L1) and tris(3-(4’-hydroxysalicylideneimino)-propyl)amine (H3L2) have been prepared and characterized by various spectroscopic methods (IR, FAB-MS, NMR). They are derived from the condensation reactions of tris(3-aminopropyl)amine (tpt), with 3 equivalents of either salicylaldehyde or the ringsubstituted salicylaldehyde, 4-hydroxysalicylaldehyde. The nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of H3L1 were obtained from the its reactions Ni(II) and Cu(II) salts in absolute methanol. These complexes were studied by IR and FAB-Mass spectrometry. Full article
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67 KiB  
Article
Silica gel Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinophthalone Pigments Under Solvent-Free Conditions Using Microwave Irradiation
by Hossein Loghmani-Khouzani, Majid M. Sadeghi and J. Safari
Molecules 2002, 7(2), 135-139; https://doi.org/10.3390/70200135 - 28 Feb 2002
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 7911
Abstract
Condensations of anhydrides and quinaldine derivatives are accelerated by microwave irradiation under solvent free conditions in the presence of silica gel as catalyst. Full article
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76 KiB  
Article
An Improved Three Step Synthesis of (-)-3β-Hydroxycarvone from (-)-Carvone
by Reginaldo B. Dos Santos, Timothy J. Brocksom, Paulo R. Zanotto and Ursula Brocksom
Molecules 2002, 7(2), 129-134; https://doi.org/10.3390/70200129 - 28 Feb 2002
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 9493
Abstract
(-)-Carvone (3) has been efficiently transformed into (-)-3β-hydroxycarvone (1), which is expected to be a useful synthon or chiral template in the synthesis of natural molecules. This short and efficient synthesis of compound 1 involves regioselective and stereoselective α-hydroxylation of carvone via the [...] Read more.
(-)-Carvone (3) has been efficiently transformed into (-)-3β-hydroxycarvone (1), which is expected to be a useful synthon or chiral template in the synthesis of natural molecules. This short and efficient synthesis of compound 1 involves regioselective and stereoselective α-hydroxylation of carvone via the trimethylsilyl-dienyl-ether derivative. Full article
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35 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of 5,6-Dihydropyridin-2(1H)-ones, 1,5,6,8,8a-Hexahydroisoquinolin-3(2H)-ones and 4a,5,6,7,8,8a-Hexahydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones by Intramolecular Wittig Reaction
by Alexander S. Fisyuk and Nikolai V. Poendaev
Molecules 2002, 7(2), 124-128; https://doi.org/10.3390/70200124 - 28 Feb 2002
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 7477
Abstract
A new, universal and diastereospecific method has been developed for the synthesis of 5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-ones, 1,5,6,8,8a-hexahydroisoquinolin-3(2H)-ones and 4a,5,6,7,8,8ahexahydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones (4) based on the intramolecular Wittig cyclization of the triphenyphosphonium salts 2 derived from the N-(3-oxoalkyl)–chloroacetamides 1. Full article
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88 KiB  
Article
Photooxygenation of Nimonol, a Tetranortriterpenoid from Azadirachta indica. A. Juss.
by Geetha Gopalakrishnan, N. D. Pradeep Singh and V. Kasinath
Molecules 2002, 7(2), 112-118; https://doi.org/10.3390/70200112 - 28 Feb 2002
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 8746
Abstract
Nimonol (1), a tetranortriterpenoid isolated from the leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae), upon photolysis undergoes both Diels-Alder and ene reactions with singlet oxygen at different sites leading to 14,15,20,21-diepoxy-23-nimonolactone (3), along with nimonolide (4), which have been well-characterised. The novelty of [...] Read more.
Nimonol (1), a tetranortriterpenoid isolated from the leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae), upon photolysis undergoes both Diels-Alder and ene reactions with singlet oxygen at different sites leading to 14,15,20,21-diepoxy-23-nimonolactone (3), along with nimonolide (4), which have been well-characterised. The novelty of the reported reactions lies in hitherto unreported formation of an α-epoxide in the ring D in tetranortriterpenoids. The photoproduct 4 exhibited antifeedancy comparable to that of azadirachtin-A, the most potent antifeedant constituent isolated from neem. Full article
98 KiB  
Article
An Investigation of the Reactions of Substituted Homoallylic Alcohols with Various Oxidation Reagents
by S. Servi and A. Acar
Molecules 2002, 7(2), 104-111; https://doi.org/10.3390/70200104 - 28 Feb 2002
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 8689
Abstract
Substituted homoallylic alcohols have been synthesised both by [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement of unsymmetrical bis-allylic ethers and reaction of alkenyl chloromethyl oxiranes with Mg/THF. These substrates were then oxidized using four different oxidants. When the substituted homoallylic alcohols were oxidized with pyridinium chlorochromate or zinc [...] Read more.
Substituted homoallylic alcohols have been synthesised both by [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement of unsymmetrical bis-allylic ethers and reaction of alkenyl chloromethyl oxiranes with Mg/THF. These substrates were then oxidized using four different oxidants. When the substituted homoallylic alcohols were oxidized with pyridinium chlorochromate or zinc chlorochromate nonahydrate the corresponding carbonyl compounds were produced. The same substrates formed the corresponding allylic oxidation products together with epoxidation products when oxidized with t-BuOOH. When and t-BuOOH and catalytic amounts of OsO4 were used the allylic oxidation reaction was prevented and the only products formed were those in which the substituted double bond was epoxidized. Full article
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26 KiB  
Article
Cyclization of N-(3-Oxoalkyl)chloroacetamides Under Basic Conditions. Synthesis of cis-3,4-Epoxypiperidin-2-ones
by Alexander S. Fisyuk and Nikolai V. Poendaev
Molecules 2002, 7(2), 119-123; https://doi.org/10.3390/70200119 - 21 Feb 2002
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 9320
Abstract
It has been shown that N-(3-oxoalkyl)chloroacetamides (1) can be converted into cis-3,4-epoxypiridin-2-ones (2) upon treatment with t-BuOK in a t-BuOH-C6H6 solution due to a resulting intramolecular Darzens reaction. It has been found that under kinetically controlled reaction conditions (NaOH/C [...] Read more.
It has been shown that N-(3-oxoalkyl)chloroacetamides (1) can be converted into cis-3,4-epoxypiridin-2-ones (2) upon treatment with t-BuOK in a t-BuOH-C6H6 solution due to a resulting intramolecular Darzens reaction. It has been found that under kinetically controlled reaction conditions (NaOH/C6H6), besides the intramolecular Darzens reaction an intramolecular alkylation takes place. Full article
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